patch security vulns in fast-xml-builder

Add OpenTofu module for GitHub repo guard-rails

.gitignore

@@ -12,11 +12,20 @@ yarn-debug.log*
 yarn-error.log*
 pnpm-debug.log*
 
+test-results/
 
 # environment variables
 .env
 .env.production
 
+# certificates / keys (never commit)
+*.crt
+*.key
+*.pem
+*.pfx
+*.p12
+caddy-local-root.crt
+
 # macOS-specific files
 .DS_Store
 

Containerfile

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ COPY --from=build --chown=astro:astro /app/package.json    ./package.json
 COPY --from=build --chown=astro:astro /app/node_modules    ./node_modules
 COPY --from=build --chown=astro:astro /app/dist            ./dist
 COPY --from=build --chown=astro:astro /app/astro.config.mjs ./astro.config.mjs
+COPY --from=build --chown=astro:astro /app/otel.js          ./otel.js
 
 USER astro
 
@@ -47,4 +48,5 @@ HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=20s --retries=3 \
 
 # Invoke astro directly via node to avoid corepack/pnpm shims at runtime
 # (the rootfs is read-only and corepack would try to write a cache dir).
-CMD ["node", "./node_modules/astro/bin/astro.mjs", "preview", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "4321"]
+# Use --import to load the OTEL instrumentation in ESM mode.
+CMD ["node", "--import", "./otel.js", "./node_modules/astro/bin/astro.mjs", "preview", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "4321"]

README.md

@@ -1,58 +1,69 @@
 # dev-blog
 
-A personal developer blog built to be fast, secure, and entirely self-hosted — no platform lock-in, no third-party runtime dependencies.
+A personal developer blog built to be fast, secure, and resilient.
 
 ## Stack
 
 ### Site
 
-- **[Astro v6](https://astro.build)** — generates static HTML at build time, served via `astro preview`. Zero client-side JavaScript by default.
-- **Markdown & MDX** — posts live in `src/content/blog/` as typed Content Collections with frontmatter validation.
-- **RSS feed + sitemap** — auto-generated via `@astrojs/rss` and `@astrojs/sitemap`.
-- **Local fonts** — Atkinson Hyperlegible served from `src/assets/fonts/`, no external font requests.
-- **pnpm** — fast, disk-efficient package management. Requires Node ≥ 22.
+- **[Astro v6](https://astro.build)** — static site generator.
+- **Markdown & MDX** — posts are fetched from a Google Cloud Storage (GCS) bucket and built into the site daily at 6 AM CT.
+- **pnpm** — package management (Node ≥ 22).
 
-### Testing
+### Runtime (2 Pod Quadlet System)
 
-- **Vitest** — unit and integration tests with v8 coverage.
-- **Playwright** — end-to-end tests against the running site.
+The production environment runs on **AlmaLinux 10** using Podman Quadlet units.
 
-## Containers
+- **App Container**: Runs the Astro site (`astro preview`). It is fully immutable and contains the static content baked in.
+- **Caddy Container**: A custom Caddy build with:
+    - **Coraza WAF**: OWASP Core Rule Set for top-tier security.
+    - **Google Cloud DNS Plugin**: For zero-downtime ACME DNS-01 TLS issuance.
+    - **Maintenance Mode**: Caddy automatically serves a "Briefly Offline" page during container updates.
 
-The entire runtime is two containers communicating over a private bridge network.
+## Architecture
 
 ```
-Internet ──► Caddy :443 ──► Astro app :4321
-```
+[ GCS Bucket ] ──( 6 AM CT Daily )──► [ Cloud Build ] ──► [ Artifact Registry ]
+      │                                                           │
+      └─────────( Object Change )──► [ Cloud Function ]           ▼
+                                            │        [ Astro App (AlmaLinux 10 GCE) ]
+                                            ▼
+                                     [ Cloudflare R2 ]
 
-### App container
+### Build & Sync Logic
+1.  **Storage**: New posts are uploaded as `.md` files to a GCS bucket.
+2.  **Scheduling**: A Cloud Scheduler job triggers Cloud Build every day at 6 AM Central Time.
+3.  **Optimization**: Cloud Build checks for changes in the last 24 hours. If no changes exist, the build is skipped to save costs.
+4.  **Backups**: Every file change in GCS triggers a Cloud Function that runs a **Restic backup** to Cloudflare R2, ensuring point-in-time recovery.
+5.  **Deployment**: Successful builds push a new image to Google Artifact Registry. The AlmaLinux host pulls and restarts the container.
 
-A two-stage `Containerfile` (Node 24 on Debian slim):
+## Infrastructure (IaaC)
 
-1. **Build stage** — installs deps and runs `astro build`.
-2. **Runtime stage** — copies only `dist/`, `node_modules`, and config. Runs as a non-root `astro` user (UID 1001) with a read-only filesystem, all Linux capabilities dropped, and `no-new-privileges` enforced.
+Managed via **OpenTofu** with state stored in Cloudflare R2 (S3-compatible).
 
-### Caddy container
-
-A custom Caddy build compiled with [`xcaddy`](https://github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy), adding two plugins on top of the official image:
-
-- **[coraza-caddy](https://github.com/corazawaf/coraza-caddy)** — the Coraza WAF with the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS v4.7.0) baked into the image. All traffic is inspected before it reaches the app.
-- **[caddy-dns/googleclouddns](https://github.com/caddy-dns/googleclouddns)** — ACME DNS-01 challenge provider, so TLS certificates are issued and renewed without opening port 80 or requiring a webroot.
-
-Caddy also sets hardened response headers (HSTS, `X-Frame-Options`, `X-Content-Type-Options`, `Referrer-Policy`) and compresses responses with zstd and gzip.
-
-### Compose vs. production
-
-- **Local / CI**: `compose.yaml` (+ `compose.override.yaml`) spins up the full stack with `podman compose up --build`.
-- **Production**: [Quadlet](https://docs.podman.io/en/latest/markdown/podman-systemd.unit.5.html) units in `quadlet/` integrate the containers directly with systemd — no compose daemon required.
-
-## Infrastructure
-
-All infrastructure is version-controlled and reproducible.
-
-| Layer | Tool | Details |
+| Component | Service | Details |
 |---|---|---|
-| Hosting | **[Vultr](https://www.vultr.com)** | VPS — 1 vCPU / 2 GB RAM, AlmaLinux 10, Seattle (`sea`) region. Reserved IPv4 and IPv6 addresses survive instance replacement. Daily automated backups. |
-| DNS | **[Google Cloud DNS](https://cloud.google.com/dns)** | Authoritative DNS for the site's domain. A service-account key is also used by Caddy's `caddy-dns/googleclouddns` plugin to complete ACME DNS-01 challenges for automatic TLS certificate issuance and renewal. |
-| Cloud provisioning | **OpenTofu** | Manages the Vultr instance and reserved IPs as code. State stored remotely via a Cloudflare R2 backend. |
-| Host configuration | **Ansible** | Roles: `common`, `nftables` (firewall), `fail2ban` (intrusion prevention), `registry` (private container registry), `container_host` (Quadlet + Podman setup). |
+| Hosting | **GCE (e2-small)** | 2 vCPUs, 2 GB RAM, AlmaLinux 10 (GCP). |
+| DNS | **Cloud DNS** | Managed via OpenTofu. |
+| CI/CD | **Cloud Build** | Ephemeral builds triggered via Cloud Scheduler. |
+| Backups | **Cloud Function** | Event-driven Restic backups to R2. |
+| Secrets | **Secret Manager** | Stores R2 keys and Restic passwords securely. |
+| Registry | **Artifact Registry** | Private Docker repository for site images. |
+| Content | **GCS** | Source of truth for markdown files. |
+
+| Content | **GCS** | Source of truth for markdown files. |
+
+## Deployment Commands
+
+### Local Development
+```bash
+pnpm install
+pnpm dev
+```
+
+### Provisioning Infrastructure
+```bash
+cd infra
+tofu init -backend-config=backend.hcl
+tofu apply
+```

caddy/Caddyfile

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 
 {
 	# Make sure the WAF runs before the reverse-proxy handler.
-	order coraza_waf before reverse_proxy
+	order coraza_waf first
+	order file_server before reverse_proxy
 
 	# Email used for Let's Encrypt account registration.
 	email {$ACME_EMAIL:admin@example.com}
@@ -46,6 +47,20 @@
 		resolvers 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1
 	}
 
+	# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+	# Maintenance Page Handling
+	# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+	handle_errors {
+		@502_503 {
+			expression {err.status} in [502, 503]
+		}
+		handle @502_503 {
+			root * /etc/caddy/maintenance
+			rewrite * /maintenance.html
+			file_server
+		}
+	}
+
 	# ------------------------------------------------------------------
 	# Reverse-proxy to the Astro container. Caddy is on the host network
 	# namespace, so we connect over loopback to the port the app container

caddy/Containerfile

@@ -37,3 +37,4 @@ RUN set -eux; \
 COPY --from=builder /usr/bin/caddy /usr/bin/caddy
 COPY Caddyfile      /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
 COPY coraza.conf    /etc/caddy/coraza/local.conf
+COPY maintenance.html /etc/caddy/maintenance/maintenance.html

caddy/maintenance.html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Maintenance - dev-blog</title>
+    <style>
+        body { font-family: sans-serif; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 100vh; margin: 0; background: #f4f4f9; color: #333; }
+        .container { text-align: center; padding: 2rem; border-radius: 8px; background: white; shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }
+        h1 { color: #218bff; }
+        p { line-height: 1.6; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>Briefly Offline</h1>
+        <p>The site is updating with new content. We'll be back in just a few seconds.</p>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>

cloudbuild.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+steps:
+  # 1. Check if any markdown files in GCS were modified in the last 24 hours
+  - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'
+    id: 'check-updates'
+    entrypoint: 'bash'
+    args:
+      - '-c'
+      - |
+        LATEST_MOD=$(gsutil ls -l gs://${_BUCKET}/posts/*.md | grep -v 'TOTAL' | awk '{print $2}' | sort -r | head -n 1)
+        if [[ -z "$LATEST_MOD" ]]; then
+          echo "No markdown files found in bucket. Skipping build."
+          exit 0
+        fi
+        MOD_TS=$(date -d "$LATEST_MOD" +%s)
+        NOW_TS=$(date +%s)
+        DIFF=$((NOW_TS - MOD_TS))
+        if [ $DIFF -gt 86400 ]; then
+          echo "No updates in the last 24 hours ($DIFF seconds ago). Skipping build."
+          # We exit 0 but use a custom variable or file to signal skip if needed.
+          # For this flow, we'll just exit and the rest of the steps won't run if we use waitFor.
+        fi
+
+  # 2. Build the Astro site image
+  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
+    id: 'build-image'
+    args: ['build', '-t', '${_REGION}-docker.pkg.dev/${PROJECT_ID}/${_REPO}/app:latest', '.']
+    waitFor: ['check-updates']
+
+  # 3. Push to Artifact Registry
+  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
+    id: 'push-image'
+    args: ['push', '${_REGION}-docker.pkg.dev/${PROJECT_ID}/${_REPO}/app:latest']
+    waitFor: ['build-image']
+
+  # 4. Trigger deployment on AlmaLinux host (Example via SSH or Webhook)
+  # For now, we'll just log success. A real implementation would use IAP SSH.
+  - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'
+    id: 'notify-deploy'
+    entrypoint: 'bash'
+    args: ['-c', 'echo "Build complete. Image pushed to ${_REGION}-docker.pkg.dev/${PROJECT_ID}/${_REPO}/app:latest"']
+    waitFor: ['push-image']
+
+substitutions:
+  _BUCKET: 'dev-blog-494815-blog-content'
+  _REGION: 'us-central1'
+  _REPO: 'dev-blog'
+
+options:
+  logging: CLOUD_LOGGING

functions/backup/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Use a custom Containerfile to include restic and gsutil
+FROM python:3.11-slim
+
+# Suppress debconf warnings and pip root warnings
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+    PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore
+
+# Install restic, curl, and gnupg
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends restic curl gnupg \
+    && curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list \
+    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends google-cloud-cli \
+    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+
+
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Cloud Run functions expect a specific entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["functions-framework", "--target", "run_backup", "--signature-type", "cloudevent"]

functions/backup/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Use a custom Dockerfile to include restic and gsutil
+FROM python:3.14-slim-trixie
+
+# Install restic and curl (to get cloud-sdk)
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y restic curl gnupg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list \
+    && curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add - \
+    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y google-cloud-cli \
+    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /app
+RUN pip install --upgrade pip
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Cloud Run functions expect a specific entrypoint
+ENTRYPOINT ["functions-framework", "--target", "run_backup", "--signature-type", "cloudevent"]

functions/backup/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import logging
+import functions_framework
+from opentelemetry import _logs
+from opentelemetry.sdk._logs import LoggerProvider, LoggingHandler
+from opentelemetry.sdk._logs.export import BatchLogRecordProcessor
+from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.http._log_exporter import OTLPLogExporter
+from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# OTEL Logging Setup
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+resource = Resource.create({
+    "service.name": "dev-blog-backup",
+    "deployment.environment": os.environ.get("ENVIRONMENT", "production")
+})
+logger_provider = LoggerProvider(resource=resource)
+_logs.set_logger_provider(logger_provider)
+
+# Export logs via OTLP (async/non-blocking via BatchLogRecordProcessor)
+exporter = OTLPLogExporter()
+logger_provider.add_log_record_processor(BatchLogRecordProcessor(exporter))
+
+# Attach OTEL handler to the root logger
+otel_handler = LoggingHandler(level=logging.INFO, logger_provider=logger_provider)
+root_logger = logging.getLogger()
+root_logger.addHandler(otel_handler)
+
+# Create a logger for this module
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+# Disable the default stream handler for GCP to minimize billable logs
+# By setting the root logger to WARNING, we ensure that standard output
+# (captured by GCP) only contains high-priority logs.
+# We also want to make sure we don't duplicate logs.
+for handler in root_logger.handlers:
+    if not isinstance(handler, LoggingHandler):
+        handler.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+root_logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+@functions_framework.cloud_event
+def run_backup(cloud_event):
+    logger.info(f"Triggered by event: {cloud_event['id']}")
+    
+    # Restic environments are expected to be set via Secret Manager / Env vars
+    source_bucket = os.environ.get('SOURCE_BUCKET')
+    r2_account_id = os.environ.get('R2_ACCOUNT_ID')
+    r2_bucket = os.environ.get('R2_BUCKET')
+    
+    # Construct the Restic repository URL for Cloudflare R2
+    os.environ['RESTIC_REPOSITORY'] = f"s3:https://{r2_account_id}.r2.cloudflarestorage.com/{r2_bucket}"
+    
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        logger.info(f"Syncing {source_bucket} to {tmpdir}...")
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(['gsutil', '-m', 'rsync', '-r', source_bucket, tmpdir], check=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Sync failed: {e.stderr}")
+            raise e
+        
+        logger.info("Starting restic backup to R2...")
+        try:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                ['restic', 'backup', tmpdir, '--tag', 'gcs-trigger'],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=True
+            )
+            logger.info(result.stdout)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Restic failed: {e.stderr}")
+            raise e
+
+    logger.info("Backup completed successfully.")
+    # Ensure logs are flushed before the function exits
+    logger_provider.force_flush()

functions/backup/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+functions-framework==3.8.1
+opentelemetry-api
+opentelemetry-sdk
+opentelemetry-exporter-otlp
+opentelemetry-instrumentation-logging

infra/.gitignore

@@ -12,3 +12,8 @@ backend.hcl
 *.auto.tfvars
 terraform.tfvars
 !terraform.tfvars.example
+
+# Local backend overrides (developer-specific)
+backend_override.tf
+*_override.tf
+!*_override.tf.example

infra/github/.terraform.lock.hcl

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# This file is maintained automatically by "tofu init".
+# Manual edits may be lost in future updates.
+
+provider "registry.opentofu.org/integrations/github" {
+  version     = "6.12.1"
+  constraints = "~> 6.2"
+  hashes = [
+    "h1:bGz4LIep/7PVrqy6P8cTYbAJpdxXGrupUJjkCczlzIs=",
+    "zh:3e1a4081ecb9518fdf0074db83c16ad00dc81ffe8249a6e3cf1894e947e28df6",
+    "zh:4cb8224b7f530795b674ac044675f6b22a7c9154f55eb9f76c5af6c7534056a4",
+    "zh:560bc08637926191f6871a89e986022ca67c70afda5bebca34b5216e6fac69c9",
+    "zh:5a70b5d2ac650c5c9819a1875411ebda229d0fcc6c9f57f9d751852ca3cd77ac",
+    "zh:8668d93bd4dc2ffa2545e1473af600a925d479b16033a71a4498a16f3b683c0c",
+    "zh:86eacc6059fd057948e178b665ba5cce74bd5488a9e1035734e60ff5ef1b6f8f",
+    "zh:a329fac98881d8dfc211a9bdc0ec6f2948f0b0c2704d1b6cbe5307403c7ad1b2",
+    "zh:dadd44abab3c52b9d572955afaef1658790e17ea355ee22b58996d81d28e02d8",
+    "zh:de9f455ef342cc38fb76bce844bfcd376fb81a4b9f9bc2fae023ff99efdf1338",
+    "zh:f8c6d2e8351b334491790358574e0a30a7c6d7f5b80f7daf32a7c0f3e9b1ab19",
+    "zh:fab41971a3edee04ab6eceaeab4eeb9a2b2f38a2af3b06eda93e2117b64994be",
+    "zh:fb1279b566dd9c8c117b2e4e0cc8344413b8fc8f2a3e24be22a9b2610551777b",
+    "zh:fbd1fee2c9df3aa19cf8851ce134dea6e45ea01cb85695c1726670c285797e25",
+    "zh:fe79d2a861fb9af420fa5bd7f02c031b2a0a3edf5dbc46022c8ecc7a33cf2b6d",
+  ]
+}

infra/github/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# GitHub repo configuration (OpenTofu)
+
+Manages branch protection (via repository rulesets) and deployment
+environments for `JMR-dev/dev_blog`.
+
+This module is also the source-of-truth copy that is mirrored to the
+[`gh-repo-bootstrap`](https://github.com/JMR-dev/gh-repo-bootstrap) repo,
+which packages it as a reusable module + `gh` CLI extension
+(`gh repo-bootstrap <owner>/<repo>`).
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- [OpenTofu](https://opentofu.org/) >= 1.8
+- A GitHub token with `repo` + `admin:repo_hook` scopes. Easiest:
+  ```sh
+  export GITHUB_TOKEN=$(gh auth token)
+  ```
+- (For remote state) Cloudflare R2 credentials — copy
+  `backend.hcl.example` to `backend.hcl` and fill it in.
+
+## Usage
+
+```sh
+# First time only:
+tofu init -backend-config=backend.hcl
+
+# Apply:
+tofu apply
+```
+
+To run with **local state** (no R2 needed) for experimentation, comment
+out the `backend "s3"` block in `versions.tf`, then `tofu init` again.
+
+## What it manages
+
+- A repository ruleset on the default branch enforcing:
+  - No deletion
+  - No force-push
+  - Required PR with N approving reviews (configurable)
+  - Resolved review threads
+  - Optional signed commits
+- The set of GitHub deployment environments listed in `environments`.
+
+It does **not** create the repository itself, and does not manage
+repo-level settings (merge button options, default branch, topic, etc.).
+Add those via `gh api` or import the `github_repository` resource if you
+need them under OpenTofu control.

infra/github/backend.hcl.example

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Example Cloudflare R2 backend configuration.
+# Copy to `backend.hcl` (gitignored) and fill in your values, then run:
+#   tofu init -backend-config=backend.hcl
+
+bucket     = "dev-blog-tfstate"
+endpoints  = { s3 = "https://<account-id>.r2.cloudflarestorage.com" }
+access_key = "<R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID>"
+secret_key = "<R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>"

infra/github/main.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+data "github_repository" "this" {
+  name = var.repo_name
+}
+
+resource "github_repository_ruleset" "default_branch" {
+  repository  = data.github_repository.this.name
+  name        = var.ruleset_name
+  target      = "branch"
+  enforcement = "active"
+
+  conditions {
+    ref_name {
+      include = ["refs/heads/${var.default_branch}"]
+      exclude = []
+    }
+  }
+
+  dynamic "bypass_actors" {
+    for_each = var.bypass_actors
+    content {
+      actor_id    = bypass_actors.value.actor_id
+      actor_type  = bypass_actors.value.actor_type
+      bypass_mode = bypass_actors.value.bypass_mode
+    }
+  }
+
+  rules {
+    deletion            = true
+    non_fast_forward    = true
+    required_signatures = var.require_signed_commits
+
+    pull_request {
+      required_approving_review_count   = var.required_reviews
+      dismiss_stale_reviews_on_push     = true
+      require_code_owner_review         = false
+      require_last_push_approval        = false
+      required_review_thread_resolution = true
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "github_repository_environment" "envs" {
+  for_each    = toset(var.environments)
+  repository  = data.github_repository.this.name
+  environment = each.value
+}

infra/github/outputs.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+output "repository_full_name" {
+  value       = data.github_repository.this.full_name
+  description = "Full name (owner/repo) of the repository being managed."
+}
+
+output "ruleset_id" {
+  value       = github_repository_ruleset.default_branch.id
+  description = "ID of the branch protection ruleset."
+}
+
+output "environments" {
+  value       = sort([for e in github_repository_environment.envs : e.environment])
+  description = "Environments managed by this configuration."
+}

infra/github/terraform.tfvars.example

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+repo_owner             = "JMR-dev"
+repo_name              = "dev_blog"
+default_branch         = "main"
+required_reviews       = 1
+require_signed_commits = false
+environments = [
+  "production",
+  "staging",
+  "preview",
+  "development",
+]

infra/github/variables.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+variable "repo_owner" {
+  description = "GitHub user or organization that owns the repository."
+  type        = string
+}
+
+variable "repo_name" {
+  description = "Repository name (without owner prefix)."
+  type        = string
+}
+
+variable "default_branch" {
+  description = "Branch protected by the ruleset."
+  type        = string
+  default     = "main"
+}
+
+variable "required_reviews" {
+  description = "Number of required approving reviews on PRs targeting the default branch."
+  type        = number
+  default     = 1
+}
+
+variable "require_signed_commits" {
+  description = "Require signed commits on the protected branch."
+  type        = bool
+  default     = false
+}
+
+variable "environments" {
+  description = "List of GitHub deployment environments to ensure exist."
+  type        = list(string)
+  default     = []
+}
+
+variable "ruleset_name" {
+  description = "Name to give the branch protection ruleset."
+  type        = string
+  default     = "default-branch-protection"
+}
+
+variable "bypass_actors" {
+  description = <<-EOT
+    Actors permitted to bypass the ruleset. Each entry needs:
+      - actor_id: numeric ID (for built-in repo roles: 1=read, 2=triage,
+        3=write, 4=maintain, 5=admin)
+      - actor_type: one of RepositoryRole, Team, Integration,
+        OrganizationAdmin, DeployKey
+      - bypass_mode: "always" or "pull_request"
+  EOT
+  type = list(object({
+    actor_id    = number
+    actor_type  = string
+    bypass_mode = string
+  }))
+  default = []
+}

infra/github/versions.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+terraform {
+  required_version = ">= 1.8.0"
+
+  required_providers {
+    github = {
+      source  = "integrations/github"
+      version = "~> 6.2"
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Cloudflare R2 (S3-compatible) backend, mirroring infra/versions.tf.
+  # Account-specific values are supplied at init time:
+  #   tofu init -backend-config=backend.hcl
+  # For local-only experimentation, comment this entire block out and
+  # OpenTofu will fall back to the local backend.
+  backend "s3" {
+    key    = "dev_blog/github.tfstate"
+    region = "auto"
+
+    skip_credentials_validation = true
+    skip_metadata_api_check     = true
+    skip_region_validation      = true
+    skip_requesting_account_id  = true
+    skip_s3_checksum            = true
+    use_path_style              = true
+  }
+}
+
+provider "github" {
+  owner = var.repo_owner
+  # Token is read from the GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable.
+  # Easiest source: `export GITHUB_TOKEN=$(gh auth token)`.
+}

infra/main.tf

@@ -1,51 +1,378 @@
-data "vultr_os" "alma" {
-  filter {
-    name   = "name"
-    values = [var.os_name_filter]
-  }
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Network Configuration
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_compute_network" "vpc" {
+  name                    = "${var.hostname}-vpc"
+  auto_create_subnetworks = false
 }
 
-resource "vultr_instance" "blog" {
-  region      = var.region
-  plan        = var.plan
-  os_id       = data.vultr_os.alma.id
-  hostname    = var.hostname
-  label       = var.hostname
-  tags        = var.tags
-  ssh_key_ids = var.ssh_key_ids
+resource "google_compute_subnetwork" "subnet" {
+  name          = "${var.hostname}-subnet"
+  ip_cidr_range = "10.0.1.0/24"
+  network       = google_compute_network.vpc.id
+  region        = var.gcp_region
+}
 
-  backups = "enabled"
-  backups_schedule {
-    type = "daily"
-    hour = var.backup_hour_utc
+resource "google_compute_firewall" "allow_http_https" {
+  name    = "allow-http-https"
+  network = google_compute_network.vpc.name
+
+  allow {
+    protocol = "tcp"
+    ports    = ["80", "443"]
   }
 
-  enable_ipv6      = true
-  ddos_protection  = false
-  activation_email = false
+  source_ranges = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  target_tags   = ["http-server", "https-server"]
+}
+
+resource "google_compute_firewall" "allow_ssh" {
+  name    = "allow-ssh"
+  network = google_compute_network.vpc.name
+
+  allow {
+    protocol = "tcp"
+    ports    = ["22"]
+  }
+
+  source_ranges = ["0.0.0.0/0"] # Restrict this in production if possible
+  target_tags   = ["ssh-server"]
 }
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Static (Reserved) IPs
-#
-# Reserved IPs survive instance replacement, so DNS records stay valid even
-# if `vultr_instance.blog` is destroyed and recreated.
-#
-# - v4 reservation is a single /32, so `subnet` is the address itself.
-# - v6 reservation is a /64; `subnet` is the network prefix and the instance
-#   takes an address inside it (exposed as `vultr_instance.blog.v6_main_ip`).
+# Static IP
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-resource "vultr_reserved_ip" "v4" {
-  region      = var.region
-  ip_type     = "v4"
-  label       = "${var.hostname}-v4"
-  instance_id = vultr_instance.blog.id
+resource "google_compute_address" "static_ip" {
+  name   = "${var.hostname}-ip"
+  region = var.gcp_region
 }
 
-resource "vultr_reserved_ip" "v6" {
-  region      = var.region
-  ip_type     = "v6"
-  label       = "${var.hostname}-v6"
-  instance_id = vultr_instance.blog.id
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# GCE Instance (AlmaLinux 10 equivalent / e2-small)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_compute_instance" "blog" {
+  name         = var.hostname
+  machine_type = "e2-small"
+  zone         = var.gcp_zone
+
+  tags = ["http-server", "https-server", "ssh-server"]
+
+  boot_disk {
+    initialize_params {
+      image = "almalinux-cloud/almalinux-9" # Update to Alma 10 when available
+      size  = 20
+    }
+  }
+
+  network_interface {
+    network    = google_compute_network.vpc.name
+    subnetwork = google_compute_subnetwork.subnet.name
+
+    access_config {
+      nat_ip = google_compute_address.static_ip.address
+    }
+  }
+
+  metadata = {
+    enable-oslogin = "TRUE"
+  }
+
+  service_account {
+    scopes = ["cloud-platform"]
+  }
 }
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# DNS Records (Imported from Current State)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_dns_managed_zone" "public" {
+  name     = "public"
+  dns_name = "${var.domain}."
+}
+
+resource "google_dns_record_set" "root_a" {
+  name         = "${var.domain}."
+  type         = "A"
+  ttl          = 300
+  managed_zone = google_dns_managed_zone.public.name
+  rrdatas      = [google_compute_address.static_ip.address]
+}
+
+resource "google_dns_record_set" "www_cname" {
+  name         = "www.${var.domain}."
+  type         = "CNAME"
+  ttl          = 300
+  managed_zone = google_dns_managed_zone.public.name
+  rrdatas      = ["${var.domain}."]
+}
+
+resource "google_dns_record_set" "mail_a" {
+  name         = "mail.${var.domain}."
+  type         = "A"
+  ttl          = 300
+  managed_zone = google_dns_managed_zone.public.name
+  rrdatas      = ["194.195.211.88"] # Preserving current mail record
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Artifact Registry for Container Images
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_artifact_registry_repository" "repo" {
+  location      = var.gcp_region
+  repository_id = "dev-blog"
+  description   = "Docker repository for dev-blog"
+  format        = "DOCKER"
+
+  cleanup_policy_dry_run = false
+
+  cleanup_policies {
+    id     = "keep-last-3"
+    action = "KEEP"
+    most_recent_versions {
+      keep_count = 3
+    }
+  }
+
+  cleanup_policies {
+    id     = "delete-others"
+    action = "DELETE"
+    condition {
+      tag_state = "ANY"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cloud Build Trigger
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_cloudbuild_trigger" "daily_build" {
+  name        = "daily-blog-build"
+  description = "Triggered by Scheduler at 6 AM CT"
+
+  filename = "cloudbuild.yaml"
+
+  # Link this to your repository (Requires manual connection in GCP Console once)
+  # or use a generic trigger if pushing source.
+  trigger_template {
+    branch_name = "main"
+    repo_name   = "dev-blog" # Update this to your repo name
+  }
+
+  substitutions = {
+    _BUCKET = google_storage_bucket.content.name
+    _REGION = var.gcp_region
+    _REPO   = google_artifact_registry_repository.repo.repository_id
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Service Account for Scheduler
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_service_account" "scheduler_sa" {
+  account_id   = "blog-scheduler-sa"
+  display_name = "Service Account for Cloud Scheduler"
+}
+
+resource "google_project_iam_member" "scheduler_build_editor" {
+  project = var.gcp_project_id
+  role    = "roles/cloudbuild.builds.editor"
+  member  = "serviceAccount:${google_service_account.scheduler_sa.email}"
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cloud Scheduler Job
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_cloud_scheduler_job" "daily_trigger" {
+  name             = "daily-6am-build-trigger"
+  description      = "Triggers the blog build every day at 6 AM CT"
+  schedule         = "0 6 * * *"
+  time_zone        = "America/Chicago"
+  attempt_deadline = "320s"
+
+  http_target {
+    http_method = "POST"
+    uri         = "https://cloudbuild.googleapis.com/v1/projects/${var.gcp_project_id}/locations/global/triggers/${google_cloudbuild_trigger.daily_build.trigger_id}:run"
+    
+    oauth_token {
+      service_account_email = google_service_account.scheduler_sa.email
+    }
+
+    body = base64encode(jsonencode({
+      branchName = "main"
+    }))
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Secret Manager for Backup & DNS Credentials
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "restic_password" {
+  secret_id = "RESTIC_PASSWORD"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "r2_access_key" {
+  secret_id = "R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "r2_secret_key" {
+  secret_id = "R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "r2_account_id" {
+  secret_id = "R2_ACCOUNT_ID"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "r2_backup_bucket" {
+  secret_id = "R2_BACKUP_BUCKET_NAME"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret" "gcp_dns_sa" {
+  secret_id = "gcp-dns-sa"
+  replication {
+    auto {}
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cloud Function for Restic Backup
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_storage_bucket" "function_source" {
+  name     = "${var.gcp_project_id}-function-source"
+  location = var.gcp_region
+}
+
+resource "google_service_account" "backup_sa" {
+  account_id   = "blog-backup-sa"
+  display_name = "Service Account for Backup Function"
+}
+
+resource "google_cloudfunctions2_function" "backup" {
+  name        = "blog-restic-backup"
+  location    = var.gcp_region
+  description = "Runs restic backup on GCS object change"
+
+  build_config {
+    runtime     = "python311"
+    entry_point = "run_backup"
+    source {
+      storage_source {
+        bucket = google_storage_bucket.function_source.name
+        object = "backup-source.zip"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  service_config {
+    max_instance_count = 1
+    available_memory   = "512Mi"
+    timeout_seconds    = 540
+    service_account_email = google_service_account.backup_sa.email
+
+    environment_variables = {
+      SOURCE_BUCKET = "gs://${google_storage_bucket.content.name}"
+    }
+
+    secret_environment_variables {
+      key        = "RESTIC_PASSWORD"
+      project_id = var.gcp_project_id
+      secret     = google_secret_manager_secret.restic_password.secret_id
+      version    = "latest"
+    }
+
+    secret_environment_variables {
+      key        = "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+      project_id = var.gcp_project_id
+      secret     = google_secret_manager_secret.r2_access_key.secret_id
+      version    = "latest"
+    }
+
+    secret_environment_variables {
+      key        = "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+      project_id = var.gcp_project_id
+      secret     = google_secret_manager_secret.r2_secret_key.secret_id
+      version    = "latest"
+    }
+
+    secret_environment_variables {
+      key        = "R2_ACCOUNT_ID"
+      project_id = var.gcp_project_id
+      secret     = google_secret_manager_secret.r2_account_id.secret_id
+      version    = "latest"
+    }
+
+    secret_environment_variables {
+      key        = "R2_BUCKET"
+      project_id = var.gcp_project_id
+      secret     = google_secret_manager_secret.r2_backup_bucket.secret_id
+      version    = "latest"
+    }
+  }
+
+  event_trigger {
+    trigger_region = var.gcp_region
+    event_type     = "google.cloud.storage.object.v1.finalized"
+    retry_policy   = "RETRY_POLICY_RETRY"
+    service_account_email = google_service_account.backup_sa.email
+    event_filters {
+      attribute = "bucket"
+      value     = google_storage_bucket.content.name
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# IAM for Backup Function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+resource "google_project_iam_member" "backup_storage_viewer" {
+  project = var.gcp_project_id
+  role    = "roles/storage.objectViewer"
+  member  = "serviceAccount:${google_service_account.backup_sa.email}"
+}
+
+resource "google_secret_manager_secret_iam_member" "backup_secrets" {
+  for_each = toset([
+    google_secret_manager_secret.restic_password.id,
+    google_secret_manager_secret.r2_access_key.id,
+    google_secret_manager_secret.r2_secret_key.id,
+    google_secret_manager_secret.r2_account_id.id,
+    google_secret_manager_secret.r2_backup_bucket.id
+  ])
+  secret_id = each.key
+  role      = "roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor"
+  member    = "serviceAccount:${google_service_account.backup_sa.email}"
+}
+
+# Grant Eventarc permission to trigger the function
+resource "google_project_iam_member" "eventarc_pubsub_publisher" {
+  project = var.gcp_project_id
+  role    = "roles/pubsub.publisher"
+  member  = "serviceAccount:service-${data.google_project.project.number}@gcp-sa-pubsub.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
+}
+
+data "google_project" "project" {}

infra/variables.tf

@@ -1,47 +1,29 @@
-variable "vultr_api_key" {
-  description = "Vultr API key. Provide via TF_VAR_vultr_api_key env var."
+variable "gcp_project_id" {
   type        = string
-  sensitive   = true
+  description = "The GCP Project ID"
+  default     = "dev-blog-494815"
 }
 
-variable "region" {
-  description = "Vultr region code."
+variable "gcp_region" {
   type        = string
-  default     = "sea" # Seattle, WA
+  description = "GCP region"
+  default     = "us-central1"
 }
 
-variable "plan" {
-  description = "Vultr instance plan."
+variable "gcp_zone" {
   type        = string
-  default     = "vc2-1c-2gb"
-}
-
-variable "os_name_filter" {
-  description = "Substring to match an OS name in the Vultr OS catalog."
-  type        = string
-  default     = "AlmaLinux 10"
+  description = "GCP zone"
+  default     = "us-central1-a"
 }
 
 variable "hostname" {
-  description = "Hostname / label for the instance."
   type        = string
+  description = "The hostname for the instance"
   default     = "dev-blog"
 }
 
-variable "ssh_key_ids" {
-  description = "List of pre-existing Vultr SSH key IDs to inject."
-  type        = list(string)
-  default     = []
-}
-
-variable "backup_hour_utc" {
-  description = "Hour of day (UTC, 0-23) for the daily automated backup."
-  type        = number
-  default     = 8
-}
-
-variable "tags" {
-  description = "Tags to apply to the instance."
-  type        = list(string)
-  default     = ["dev_blog", "managed-by=opentofu"]
+variable "domain" {
+  type        = string
+  description = "The primary domain name"
+  default     = "jasonmross.dev"
 }

infra/versions.tf

@@ -2,20 +2,16 @@ terraform {
   required_version = ">= 1.8.0"
 
   required_providers {
-    vultr = {
-      source  = "vultr/vultr"
-      version = "~> 2.21"
+    google = {
+      source  = "hashicorp/google"
+      version = "~> 6.0"
     }
   }
 
-  # Cloudflare R2 is S3-compatible, so we use the s3 backend with a custom
-  # endpoint. Backend values that depend on secrets/account-specific data are
-  # supplied at init time via `-backend-config=backend.hcl` (see README).
   backend "s3" {
     key    = "dev_blog/terraform.tfstate"
     region = "auto"
 
-    # R2 quirks: skip AWS-specific validations and use path-style URLs.
     skip_credentials_validation = true
     skip_metadata_api_check     = true
     skip_region_validation      = true
@@ -25,8 +21,8 @@ terraform {
   }
 }
 
-provider "vultr" {
-  api_key     = var.vultr_api_key
-  rate_limit  = 700
-  retry_limit = 3
+provider "google" {
+  project = var.gcp_project_id
+  region  = var.gcp_region
+  zone    = var.gcp_zone
 }

otel.js

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { NodeSDK } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-node';
+import { OTLPLogExporter } from '@opentelemetry/exporter-logs-otlp-http';
+import { BatchLogRecordProcessor, LoggerProvider } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-logs';
+import { Resource } from '@opentelemetry/resources';
+import { SemanticResourceAttributes } from '@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions';
+import { logs, SeverityNumber } from '@opentelemetry/api-logs';
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OTEL Logging Setup
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const resource = new Resource({
+  [SemanticResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME]: 'dev-blog-app',
+  [SemanticResourceAttributes.DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT]: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development',
+});
+
+const exporter = new OTLPLogExporter(); // Defaults to OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT
+const loggerProvider = new LoggerProvider({ resource });
+loggerProvider.addLogRecordProcessor(new BatchLogRecordProcessor(exporter));
+
+// Set as global logger provider
+logs.setGlobalLoggerProvider(loggerProvider);
+
+const logger = logs.getLogger('dev-blog-app');
+
+// Monkey-patch console to send logs to OTEL
+const originalLog = console.log;
+const originalError = console.error;
+const originalWarn = console.warn;
+const originalInfo = console.info;
+
+console.log = (...args) => {
+  logger.emit({
+    severityNumber: SeverityNumber.INFO,
+    severityText: 'INFO',
+    body: args.map(arg => (typeof arg === 'object' ? JSON.stringify(arg) : arg)).join(' '),
+  });
+  if (process.env.DISABLE_GCP_LOGGING !== 'true') {
+    originalLog(...args);
+  }
+};
+
+console.info = (...args) => {
+  logger.emit({
+    severityNumber: SeverityNumber.INFO,
+    severityText: 'INFO',
+    body: args.map(arg => (typeof arg === 'object' ? JSON.stringify(arg) : arg)).join(' '),
+  });
+  if (process.env.DISABLE_GCP_LOGGING !== 'true') {
+    originalInfo(...args);
+  }
+};
+
+console.warn = (...args) => {
+  logger.emit({
+    severityNumber: SeverityNumber.WARN,
+    severityText: 'WARN',
+    body: args.map(arg => (typeof arg === 'object' ? JSON.stringify(arg) : arg)).join(' '),
+  });
+  if (process.env.DISABLE_GCP_LOGGING !== 'true') {
+    originalWarn(...args);
+  }
+};
+
+console.error = (...args) => {
+  logger.emit({
+    severityNumber: SeverityNumber.ERROR,
+    severityText: 'ERROR',
+    body: args.map(arg => (typeof arg === 'object' ? JSON.stringify(arg) : arg)).join(' '),
+  });
+  if (process.env.DISABLE_GCP_LOGGING !== 'true') {
+    originalError(...args);
+  }
+};
+
+// Initialize SDK for traces/metrics
+const sdk = new NodeSDK({
+  resource,
+  // Using logRecordProcessor here might be redundant if we use loggerProvider directly,
+  // but it's good for future-proofing traces/metrics.
+});
+
+sdk.start();
+
+// Handle shutdown
+process.on('SIGTERM', async () => {
+  try {
+    await loggerProvider.forceFlush();
+    await sdk.shutdown();
+    originalLog('OTEL SDK shut down');
+  } catch (error) {
+    originalError('Error shutting down OTEL SDK', error);
+  } finally {
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+});

package.json

@@ -21,9 +21,22 @@
     "@astrojs/mdx": "^5.0.4",
     "@astrojs/rss": "^4.0.18",
     "@astrojs/sitemap": "^3.7.2",
+    "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/api-logs": "^0.218.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node": "^0.76.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/exporter-logs-otlp-http": "^0.218.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/resources": "^2.7.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs": "^0.218.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-node": "^0.218.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions": "^1.41.1",
     "astro": "^6.1.10",
     "sharp": "^0.34.3"
   },
+  "pnpm": {
+    "overrides": {
+      "fast-xml-builder": "1.1.7"
+    }
+  },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@playwright/test": "^1.59.1",
     "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.5",

pnpm-workspace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+allowBuilds:
+  esbuild: true
+  protobufjs: true
+  sharp: true

quadlet/dev-blog-app.container

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Environment=NODE_ENV=production
 Environment=HOST=0.0.0.0
 Environment=PORT=4321
 Environment=ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1
+Environment=DISABLE_GCP_LOGGING=true
 
 # Hardening
 NoNewPrivileges=true

test-results/.last-run.json

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "status": "passed",
-  "failedTests": []
-}