Merge branch 'test/refused-jobs' into test/mediaprobe-track-seam

A gap audit over the eight branches merged together looked for lines still
never executed and asked, for each, whether something already accounts for it.
Everything mapped except one: `ConcatWorker.kt:42`, the refusal of a join with
fewer than two inputs.

Its neighbour maps. `ConcatWorker.kt:40` -- the missing-URI-array arm, two lines
above -- is covered on the device by
`UnopenableUriTest.aJoinWithNoInputArrayFailsWithAMessage`. That is invisible to
JaCoCo, which measures `testDebugUnitTest` only, so the report shows both arms
cold and cannot distinguish the one that is e2e-covered from the one nothing
touches. Only reading the androidTest source separates them.

`grep` says nothing in either source set mentions "Pick at least two files to
join." Two tests here now do:

- `a join of a single file is refused with a message rather than joined` pins
  the verdict and the message together, via `Failure.equals`, for the reason the
  file's header already gives.
- `a join of two files is not refused for its count` is the control that puts
  the assertion on the boundary rather than on the string. It refuses the
  *space* rather than letting the job run: the next thing past the count guard
  is `ConcatEngine`, which is native, and `NamingPublisher`'s KDoc already
  records that no JVM test gets past it. A failure carrying the space message is
  proof execution reached line 57, which is proof it cleared line 42, at no
  engine cost.

Reachability is the header's argument plus one of its own: `request(...)` takes
a `List<Uri>` and checks nothing about its length, so a one-item join is a
well-formed call rather than a corrupted queue entry.

Mutations, each killing exactly the test it should:

| mutation | red |
|---|---|
| guard deleted outright | `a join of a single file is refused...` |
| `uris.size < 2` -> `< 3` | `a join of two files is not refused for its count` |

Restored, both green. Gate green: assembleDebug, testDebugUnitTest,
compileDebugAndroidTestKotlin, ktlintCheck, detekt, lintDebug.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/src/main/java/org/libremediaconverter/convert/MediaProbe.kt

@@ -92,7 +92,12 @@ object MediaProbe {
         else -> InputKind.UNPARSEABLE
     }
 
-    private class Extracted(
+    /**
+     * `internal` rather than `private` so [extractedFrom] can be named from a test. The JVM test
+     * source set is a friend of `main`, so this stays invisible outside the module — the precedent
+     * is `MainActivity`'s `Destination`, and [containerFrom] beside it.
+     */
+    internal class Extracted(
         val videoCodec: String?,
         val audioCodec: String?,
         val durationMs: Long,
@@ -100,33 +105,55 @@ object MediaProbe {
         val height: Int,
     )
 
+    /**
+     * What a set of track formats says about a file.
+     *
+     * Split out of [probeWithExtractor] so the rules below can be tested against tracks a test
+     * *chooses*, rather than against whatever the committed fixtures happen to contain. The device
+     * tests exercise this through real files; none of them can construct a two-video-track input,
+     * a track that omits its duration, or an audio-before-video ordering on purpose.
+     *
+     * Three rules live here, and each is a decision rather than plumbing:
+     *
+     * - **First track of a type wins.** `video == null` is the whole guard. A file with two video
+     *   tracks must report the first, because that is the one an engine will transcode.
+     * - **Duration is the maximum across tracks**, not the first one found or the last. A file
+     *   whose audio outlasts its video is ordinary, and reporting the video's length would cut the
+     *   progress bar short.
+     * - **A track that omits `KEY_DURATION` contributes nothing** rather than zero. `MediaExtractor`
+     *   omits it for plenty of real tracks — see `MediaProbeTrackFieldsTest` — and `maxOf` against a
+     *   fabricated 0 would still be correct here, but reading a key that is absent is not.
+     */
+    internal fun extractedFrom(formats: List<MediaFormat>): Extracted {
+        var video: String? = null
+        var audio: String? = null
+        var durationUs = 0L
+        var width = 0
+        var height = 0
+
+        for (format in formats) {
+            val mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME).orEmpty()
+            if (format.containsKey(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION)) {
+                durationUs = maxOf(durationUs, format.getLong(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION))
+            }
+            when {
+                mime.startsWith("video/") && video == null -> {
+                    video = shortName(mime)
+                    width = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
+                    height = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
+                }
+
+                mime.startsWith("audio/") && audio == null -> audio = shortName(mime)
+            }
+        }
+        return Extracted(video, audio, durationUs / US_PER_MS, width, height)
+    }
+
     private fun probeWithExtractor(context: Context, uri: Uri): Extracted? {
         val extractor = MediaExtractor()
         return try {
             extractor.setDataSource(context, uri, null)
-            var video: String? = null
-            var audio: String? = null
-            var durationUs = 0L
-            var width = 0
-            var height = 0
-
-            for (i in 0 until extractor.trackCount) {
-                val format = extractor.getTrackFormat(i)
-                val mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME).orEmpty()
-                if (format.containsKey(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION)) {
-                    durationUs = maxOf(durationUs, format.getLong(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION))
-                }
-                when {
-                    mime.startsWith("video/") && video == null -> {
-                        video = shortName(mime)
-                        width = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
-                        height = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
-                    }
-
-                    mime.startsWith("audio/") && audio == null -> audio = shortName(mime)
-                }
-            }
-            Extracted(video, audio, durationUs / US_PER_MS, width, height)
+            extractedFrom(extractor.trackFormats())
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             Log.i(TAG, "Platform extractor could not read $uri.", e)
             null
@@ -269,25 +296,7 @@ object MediaProbe {
         val extractor = MediaExtractor()
         return try {
             extractor.setDataSource(context, uri, null)
-            var video: String? = null
-            var audio: String? = null
-            var width = 0
-            var height = 0
-            var fps = 0
-
-            for (i in 0 until extractor.trackCount) {
-                val format = extractor.getTrackFormat(i)
-                val mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME).orEmpty()
-                if (mime.startsWith("video/") && video == null) {
-                    video = shortName(mime)
-                    width = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
-                    height = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
-                    fps = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE)
-                } else if (mime.startsWith("audio/") && audio == null) {
-                    audio = shortName(mime)
-                }
-            }
-            ConcatInput(video, audio, width, height, fps)
+            concatInputFrom(extractor.trackFormats())
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             Log.i(TAG, "Could not probe $uri for concat; will re-encode.", e)
             ConcatInput(null, null, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -296,6 +305,45 @@ object MediaProbe {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The join flow's read of the same track formats. See [extractedFrom] for why this is separate
+     * from the extractor.
+     *
+     * Deliberately **not** folded into [extractedFrom] despite the overlap. This one reads frame
+     * rate and does not read duration; that one reads duration and does not read frame rate. A
+     * merged version would have to compute both for every caller, and `ConcatPlanner` treats an
+     * unknown frame rate as "cannot prove a match" — so a field this flow does not need must not
+     * start arriving as a number.
+     */
+    internal fun concatInputFrom(formats: List<MediaFormat>): ConcatInput {
+        var video: String? = null
+        var audio: String? = null
+        var width = 0
+        var height = 0
+        var fps = 0
+
+        for (format in formats) {
+            val mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME).orEmpty()
+            if (mime.startsWith("video/") && video == null) {
+                video = shortName(mime)
+                width = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_WIDTH)
+                height = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT)
+                fps = format.intOr(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE)
+            } else if (mime.startsWith("audio/") && audio == null) {
+                audio = shortName(mime)
+            }
+        }
+        return ConcatInput(video, audio, width, height, fps)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Every track format this extractor holds, read once.
+     *
+     * The thin edge the two pure functions above leave behind: a `trackCount` and a
+     * `getTrackFormat` per index, which is the whole of what needs a real `MediaExtractor`.
+     */
+    private fun MediaExtractor.trackFormats(): List<MediaFormat> = (0 until trackCount).map(::getTrackFormat)
+
     /**
      * One track property as an Int, or [fallback] when the format has no Int to give.
      *

app/src/test/java/org/libremediaconverter/convert/MediaProbeTrackWalkTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package org.libremediaconverter.convert
+
+import android.media.MediaFormat
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner
+
+/**
+ * The rules `MediaProbe` applies to a set of track formats.
+ *
+ * ## Why this exists, and what it revises
+ *
+ * Issue #84 classified `probeWithExtractor` and `probeForConcat` as device-bound and explicitly not
+ * a gap:
+ *
+ * > These are exercised by `RemuxTest`, `ConcatEngineTest` and `RealMediaBenchmark` in
+ * > `androidTest` … **Do not read their 0% as untested.**
+ *
+ * That was right about the measurement boundary and right about FFprobe. It was not right that
+ * these are only orchestration. The track walk is a **branch matrix**, and `androidTest` reaches it
+ * only through whatever the committed fixtures happen to contain — so none of the rules below is
+ * *chosen* by any test there. A fixture with two video tracks, a track that omits its duration, or
+ * an audio-before-video ordering is not something a device test would produce on purpose.
+ *
+ * The seam is the answer #133 preferred over driving `ShadowMediaExtractor`: the walk is a pure
+ * function over `List<MediaFormat>`, and what is left needing a device — `setDataSource`,
+ * `getTrackFormat`, `release` — is the thin edge `androidTest` should be covering. This is the
+ * `work/FailureOutcome.kt` pattern `CLAUDE.md` names.
+ *
+ * `MediaFormat` is a real one throughout, not a stub. `MediaProbeTrackFieldsTest` records why that
+ * matters: it is a heterogeneous map whose getters throw rather than coerce, and a hand-rolled
+ * double would not reproduce that.
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
+class MediaProbeTrackWalkTest {
+
+    // --- extractedFrom: the conversion flow's read ---------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the first video track wins when a file carries two`() {
+        // `video == null` is the entire guard. A file with two video tracks must report the first,
+        // because that is the one an engine will transcode -- and the width and height must come
+        // from the same track, not be mixed across them.
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, width = 1920, height = 1080),
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC, width = 640, height = 480),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals("h264", extracted.videoCodec)
+        assertEquals(1920, extracted.width)
+        assertEquals(1080, extracted.height)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the first audio track wins when a file carries two`() {
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_OPUS),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals("aac", extracted.audioCodec)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `duration is the longest track, not the first or the last`() {
+        // A file whose audio outlasts its video is ordinary. Taking the video's length would cut
+        // the progress bar short; taking the last track's would be right only by accident of order.
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, durationUs = 10_000_000),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC, durationUs = 12_500_000),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_OPUS, durationUs = 1_000_000),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(12_500L, extracted.durationMs)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a track that does not declare its duration contributes nothing to it`() {
+        // MediaExtractor omits KEY_DURATION for plenty of real tracks -- MediaProbeTrackFieldsTest
+        // records the same for KEY_FRAME_RATE. Reading a key that is absent is what containsKey
+        // stands between us and.
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC, durationUs = 7_000_000),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(7_000L, extracted.durationMs)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `declaring audio before video changes nothing`() {
+        // Track order is a property of the container, not of the content. Both orderings have to
+        // reach the same answer or the same file remuxed twice would probe differently.
+        val videoFirst = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, width = 1280, height = 720),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC),
+            ),
+        )
+        val audioFirst = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC),
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, width = 1280, height = 720),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(videoFirst.videoCodec, audioFirst.videoCodec)
+        assertEquals(videoFirst.audioCodec, audioFirst.audioCodec)
+        assertEquals(videoFirst.width, audioFirst.width)
+        assertEquals(videoFirst.height, audioFirst.height)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a track that is neither audio nor video is ignored`() {
+        // Subtitle and timed-metadata tracks are common in MKV and MP4. Neither prefix matches, so
+        // neither slot is filled -- and, importantly, a subtitle track must not be mistaken for the
+        // absence of an audio track by some later `else`.
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(
+            listOf(
+                MediaFormat().apply { setString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME, "text/vtt") },
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals("h264", extracted.videoCodec)
+        assertNull(extracted.audioCodec)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a file with no tracks reports nothing rather than zero-width video`() {
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(emptyList())
+
+        assertNull(extracted.videoCodec)
+        assertNull(extracted.audioCodec)
+        assertEquals(0L, extracted.durationMs)
+        assertEquals(0, extracted.width)
+        assertEquals(0, extracted.height)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `an audio-only file reports no video codec at all`() {
+        // The distinction MediaProbe.classify turns into InputKind.AUDIO_ONLY, and the reason
+        // `hasVideo` exists: an audio file and a corrupt file must not look alike.
+        val extracted = MediaProbe.extractedFrom(listOf(audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC)))
+
+        assertNull(extracted.videoCodec)
+        assertEquals("aac", extracted.audioCodec)
+        assertEquals(0, extracted.width)
+    }
+
+    // --- concatInputFrom: the join flow's read -------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the join read takes frame rate from the first video track`() {
+        val input = MediaProbe.concatInputFrom(
+            listOf(
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, width = 1920, height = 1080, frameRate = 30),
+                video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC, width = 640, height = 480, frameRate = 60),
+                audio(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        assertEquals("h264", input.videoCodec)
+        assertEquals("aac", input.audioCodec)
+        assertEquals(1920, input.width)
+        assertEquals(1080, input.height)
+        assertEquals(30, input.frameRate)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a video track with no declared frame rate reports zero rather than guessing`() {
+        // ConcatPlanner treats 0 as "cannot prove a match" and re-encodes. A guessed 30 would read
+        // as agreement and produce a stream copy of clips that do not actually match -- the failure
+        // its KDoc says the whole flow is arranged to avoid.
+        val input = MediaProbe.concatInputFrom(listOf(video(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC)))
+
+        assertEquals(0, input.frameRate)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a file with no tracks joins as entirely unknown`() {
+        val input = MediaProbe.concatInputFrom(emptyList())
+
+        assertNull(input.videoCodec)
+        assertNull(input.audioCodec)
+        assertEquals(0, input.width)
+        assertEquals(0, input.height)
+        assertEquals(0, input.frameRate)
+    }
+
+    private fun video(
+        mime: String,
+        width: Int = 1920,
+        height: Int = 1080,
+        durationUs: Long? = null,
+        frameRate: Int? = null,
+    ): MediaFormat = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(mime, width, height).apply {
+        durationUs?.let { setLong(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION, it) }
+        frameRate?.let { setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, it) }
+    }
+
+    private fun audio(mime: String, durationUs: Long? = null): MediaFormat =
+        MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(mime, SAMPLE_RATE, CHANNELS).apply {
+            durationUs?.let { setLong(MediaFormat.KEY_DURATION, it) }
+        }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val SAMPLE_RATE = 48_000
+        const val CHANNELS = 2
+    }
+}

app/src/test/java/org/libremediaconverter/work/RefusedJobTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+package org.libremediaconverter.work
+
+import android.app.Application
+import android.net.Uri
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi
+import androidx.work.Data
+import androidx.work.ListenableWorker
+import androidx.work.testing.TestListenableWorkerBuilder
+import androidx.work.workDataOf
+import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.libremediaconverter.convert.ConversionDependencies
+import org.libremediaconverter.convert.OutputPublisher
+import org.libremediaconverter.convert.SoftwareTranscoder
+import org.libremediaconverter.convert.installTestWorkManager
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.AudioCodec
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.ContainerCapabilities
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.ConversionRequest
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.DeviceCodecs
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.EnginePreference
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.InputProbe
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.OutputFormat
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.OutputSpec
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.Validation
+import org.libremediaconverter.model.VideoCodec
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner
+import org.robolectric.RuntimeEnvironment
+import java.io.File
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * Jobs the worker refuses before it converts anything, and what it says about them.
+ *
+ * Two exits, both cold before this file, and both reachable for the same underlying reason: **a job
+ * does not have to come from the picker.** WorkManager keeps queued and finished work for about a
+ * week, so a downgrade or a rollback hands this build a job enqueued by another one — the premise
+ * `WorkerEnumFallbackTest` and `JobTags` are both written on — and `ConversionWorker.request(...)`
+ * is callable directly.
+ *
+ * What makes these worth their own file rather than another case in an existing one is that both
+ * are about the *message*. A refusal that fails with empty output `Data` renders the UI's generic
+ * "Conversion failed." with nothing else to say, which is the defect shape `DeniedForegroundStartTest`
+ * records from the device pass. Asserting the verdict alone would pass against exactly that.
+ */
+@UnstableApi
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
+class RefusedJobTest {
+
+    private lateinit var app: Application
+    private lateinit var publisher: OutputPublisher
+    private lateinit var engine: RefusingTranscoder
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        app = RuntimeEnvironment.getApplication()
+        publisher = AlwaysRoomPublisher(app)
+        engine = RefusingTranscoder()
+        ConversionDependencies.publisher = { publisher }
+        ConversionDependencies.software = { engine }
+        // Neither test is about probing or about this machine's codecs; both would otherwise decide
+        // the outcome for reasons no assertion mentions. See WorkerCancellationTest's setUp.
+        ConversionDependencies.probe = { _, _ -> InputProbe() }
+        ConversionDependencies.deviceCodecs = { DeviceCodecs.PERMISSIVE }
+        installTestWorkManager(app, Data.EMPTY)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        ConversionDependencies.reset()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a job with no input URI fails with a message rather than a bare failure`() {
+        val result = runBlocking { workerWithout(ConversionWorker.KEY_INPUT_URI).doWork() }
+
+        // `Failure.equals` compares output data, so this pins the message and the verdict together.
+        assertEquals(
+            ListenableWorker.Result.failure(workDataOf(ConversionWorker.KEY_ERROR to "No input file.")),
+            result,
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a job with no input URI stages nothing`() {
+        // The URI read is the first thing doWork does -- above the space check, above the staging
+        // name, above the try. A refusal there must not have reserved anything.
+        runBlocking { workerWithout(ConversionWorker.KEY_INPUT_URI).doWork() }
+
+        assertEquals("a job refused for having no input must not stage a file", emptyList<String>(), stagedNames())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a spec the picker would never have allowed is refused with the reason`() {
+        // WAV carries PCM and nothing else. The picker cannot produce this combination today, which
+        // is exactly why the worker checks: the job can arrive from a queue written before the
+        // settings changed, or from a direct request(...) call.
+        val expected = ContainerCapabilities.validate(REFUSED_SPEC, InputProbe()) as? Validation.Invalid
+            ?: throw AssertionError("the fixture spec is supposed to be invalid; ContainerCapabilities disagrees")
+
+        val result = runBlocking { worker(REFUSED_SPEC).doWork() }
+
+        assertEquals(
+            ListenableWorker.Result.failure(workDataOf(ConversionWorker.KEY_ERROR to expected.message)),
+            result,
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a refused spec never reaches an engine`() {
+        // The half that says it failed *before* converting rather than during. Without this, a
+        // worker that ran the job and then reported the validation message would pass the test
+        // above -- and would have spent the user's battery on a file it was going to refuse.
+        runBlocking { worker(REFUSED_SPEC).doWork() }
+
+        assertTrue("a refused spec must be refused before any engine runs", engine.invocations.isEmpty())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a valid spec is not refused`() {
+        // The control. Every assertion above is about a refusal, so without this they would all
+        // still pass against a worker that refused everything.
+        val result = runBlocking { worker(OutputFormat.MP4_H265.spec).doWork() }
+
+        assertEquals(ListenableWorker.Result.success(), stripOutput(result))
+        assertEquals(listOf(OutputFormat.MP4_H265.spec), engine.invocations)
+    }
+
+    // --- the same refusal, on the join side ----------------------------------
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a join of a single file is refused with a message rather than joined`() {
+        // The arm beside it -- a job with no URI array at all -- is covered on the device by
+        // `UnopenableUriTest.aJoinWithNoInputArrayFailsWithAMessage`. This one was covered by
+        // nothing in either source set, which a coverage report cannot say because it cannot see
+        // androidTest: the two arms are adjacent lines and only one of them had a test.
+        //
+        // Reachable for the reason this file's header gives, plus one of its own: `request(...)`
+        // takes a `List<Uri>` and checks nothing about its length, so a single-item join is a
+        // well-formed call, not a corrupted queue entry.
+        val result = runBlocking { joinWorker(INPUT).doWork() }
+
+        assertEquals(
+            ListenableWorker.Result.failure(
+                workDataOf(ConcatWorker.KEY_ERROR to "Pick at least two files to join."),
+            ),
+            result,
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a join of two files is not refused for its count`() {
+        // The control, and the half that makes the test above bite on the boundary rather than on
+        // the message: without it, `uris.size < 3` passes everything here.
+        //
+        // It refuses the space instead of letting the job run, because the next thing past the
+        // count guard is `ConcatEngine`, which is native -- `NamingPublisher`'s KDoc records that
+        // no JVM test gets past it. A refusal with the *space* message is proof that execution
+        // reached line 57, which is proof it got past line 42, and it costs no engine to say so.
+        val noRoom = NamingPublisher(app).apply { refuseSpace = true }
+        ConversionDependencies.publisher = { noRoom }
+
+        val result = runBlocking { joinWorker(INPUT, SECOND_INPUT).doWork() }
+
+        assertEquals(
+            ListenableWorker.Result.failure(
+                workDataOf(ConcatWorker.KEY_ERROR to "Not enough free space to join these files."),
+            ),
+            result,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /** [ListenableWorker.Result.Success] compares its output data, which these tests do not pin. */
+    private fun stripOutput(result: ListenableWorker.Result): ListenableWorker.Result =
+        if (result is ListenableWorker.Result.Success) ListenableWorker.Result.success() else result
+
+    private fun worker(spec: OutputSpec): ConversionWorker = build(
+        workDataOf(
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_INPUT_URI to INPUT.toString(),
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_DISPLAY_NAME to DISPLAY_NAME,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_SIZE_BYTES to INPUT_BYTES,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_CONTAINER to spec.container.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_VIDEO_CODEC to spec.videoCodec.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_AUDIO_CODEC to spec.audioCodec.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_ENGINE_PREFERENCE to EnginePreference.FORCE_SOFTWARE.name,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * The ordinary input `Data`, less one key.
+     *
+     * Built by removal rather than by spelling out a shorter map, so the test cannot drift into
+     * omitting something else as well and passing for a reason it does not name.
+     */
+    private fun workerWithout(key: String): ConversionWorker {
+        val full = OutputFormat.MP4_H265.spec
+        val entries = mapOf(
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_INPUT_URI to INPUT.toString(),
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_DISPLAY_NAME to DISPLAY_NAME,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_SIZE_BYTES to INPUT_BYTES,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_CONTAINER to full.container.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_VIDEO_CODEC to full.videoCodec.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_AUDIO_CODEC to full.audioCodec.name,
+            ConversionWorker.KEY_ENGINE_PREFERENCE to EnginePreference.FORCE_SOFTWARE.name,
+        ) - key
+        return build(Data.Builder().putAll(entries).build())
+    }
+
+    private fun build(data: Data): ConversionWorker =
+        TestListenableWorkerBuilder<ConversionWorker>(context = app, inputData = data, runAttemptCount = 0)
+            .setId(JOB_ID)
+            .build()
+
+    /**
+     * A join job carrying [inputs], a declared total, and a format.
+     *
+     * The total is declared so `hasRoomFor` takes its `hasSpaceFor` branch: the other branch is
+     * `hasSpaceForUnknownSize`, which `NamingPublisher` does not override and which would measure
+     * this machine's real disk.
+     */
+    private fun joinWorker(vararg inputs: Uri): ConcatWorker = TestListenableWorkerBuilder<ConcatWorker>(
+        context = app,
+        inputData = workDataOf(
+            ConcatWorker.KEY_INPUT_URIS to inputs.map(Uri::toString).toTypedArray(),
+            ConcatWorker.KEY_TOTAL_BYTES to INPUT_BYTES * inputs.size,
+            ConcatWorker.KEY_FORMAT to OutputFormat.MP4_H264.name,
+        ),
+        runAttemptCount = 0,
+    ).setId(JOB_ID).build()
+
+    private fun stagedNames(): List<String> =
+        publisher.createStagingFile("anything").parentFile?.listFiles().orEmpty().map { it.name }.sorted()
+
+    private companion object {
+        val INPUT: Uri = Uri.parse("file:///tmp/holiday.mp4")
+        const val DISPLAY_NAME = "holiday.mp4"
+        const val INPUT_BYTES = 1024L
+
+        /** A join needs two, and "two" is the boundary the count guard is about. */
+        val SECOND_INPUT: Uri = Uri.parse("file:///tmp/holiday-2.mp4")
+
+        /** WAV carries PCM and nothing else, so AAC in WAV has nowhere to go. */
+        val REFUSED_SPEC = OutputSpec(
+            org.libremediaconverter.model.Container.WAV,
+            VideoCodec.NONE,
+            AudioCodec.AAC,
+        )
+        val JOB_ID: UUID = UUID.fromString("00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000005")
+    }
+}
+
+/** An engine that records what it was asked for and writes an output, so a success is a success. */
+private class RefusingTranscoder : SoftwareTranscoder {
+
+    /** Every spec that actually reached an engine. Empty is the assertion for a refused job. */
+    val invocations = mutableListOf<OutputSpec>()
+
+    override suspend fun run(
+        request: ConversionRequest,
+        inputPath: String,
+        output: File,
+        durationMs: Long,
+        onProgress: (Int) -> Unit,
+    ) {
+        invocations += request.spec
+        output.writeBytes(ByteArray(OUTPUT_BYTES))
+    }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val OUTPUT_BYTES = 512
+    }
+}