The caddy-data volume is a podman named volume, so it sits under
/var/lib/containers on the boot disk rather than the separately managed
data disk. An instance replacement re-registers the ACME account and
re-issues, and enough of those in a week hits Let's Encrypt's
duplicate-certificate limit.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Self-hosted Gitea on a single e2-small AlmaLinux 10 VM in us-east1,
serving gitea.jasonmross.dev.
Runtime is podman quadlets (systemd .container/.network/.volume units).
Both images are built on Debian 13: Gitea from a GPG-verified release
binary, and Caddy from an xcaddy build carrying the Google Cloud DNS
provider (ACME DNS-01) and the Coraza WAF with the OWASP CRS embedded.
Infrastructure is a Pulumi program in Go against a GCS state backend.
Cloud Build handles CI: a push trigger for images, one for infra, and a
weekly scheduled rebuild. Everything Cloud Build touches is 2nd gen.
Notable design decisions, each documented where it lives:
- Quadlets track a floating :prod tag. AutoUpdate=registry compares
digests for a tag, so a digest-pinned image silently disables
auto-updates.
- Git transport and LFS bypass the WAF. With the bypass removed, a plain
git push returns 403 -- packfiles trip CRS reliably.
- gitea:wafMode drives both SecRuleEngine and whether the fail2ban jail
acting on WAF verdicts exists. Banning on detections that were never
blocks would turn a tuning false positive into an nftables ban.
- fail2ban bans at the nftables prerouting hook. Published container
ports are DNAT'd and never traverse INPUT, where the stock actions
install their rules.
- The DNS zone, backup bucket, and Gitea signing secrets are not
Pulumi-owned, so pulumi destroy cannot take them with it.
- The podman subnet is pinned because it is what Gitea's
REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES names.
Three update layers: dnf5-automatic for the OS, podman-auto-update with
health-gated rollback for containers, and a weekly image rebuild that
gives the second layer something to pull.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
JMR-devandClaude Opus 5.5